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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltam | om joškə̑nalt |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltat | ot joškə̑nalt |
| 3SG: | joškə̑nalteš | ok/ogeš joškə̑nalt |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na joškə̑nalt |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da joškə̑nalt |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑t | ogə̑t joškə̑nalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltə̑m | šə̑m joškə̑nalt |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ joškə̑nalt |
| 3SG: | joškə̑nalte | ə̑š joškə̑nalt |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltna | ə̑šna joškə̑nalt |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltda | ə̑šda joškə̑nalt |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑č́ | ə̑št joškə̑nalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltə̑nam | joškə̑naltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltə̑nat | joškə̑naltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naltə̑n | joškə̑naltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nna | joškə̑naltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nda | joškə̑naltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nə̑t | joškə̑naltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltam ə̑l'e | om joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltat ə̑l'e | ot joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškə̑nalteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltam ulmaš | om joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltat ulmaš | ot joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškə̑nalteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltə̑nam ə̑l'e | joškə̑naltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltə̑nat ə̑l'e | joškə̑naltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naltə̑n ə̑l'e | joškə̑naltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nna ə̑l'e | joškə̑naltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nda ə̑l'e | joškə̑naltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | joškə̑naltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltə̑nam ulmaš | joškə̑naltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltə̑nat ulmaš | joškə̑naltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naltə̑n ulmaš | joškə̑naltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nna ulmaš | joškə̑naltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nda ulmaš | joškə̑naltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | joškə̑naltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joškə̑nalt | it joškə̑nalt |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naltše | ə̑nže joškə̑nalt |
| 1PL: | (joškə̑naltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na joškə̑nalt) |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltsa | ida joškə̑nalt |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št joškə̑nalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltnem | ə̑nem joškə̑nalt |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltnet | ə̑net joškə̑nalt |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naltneže | ə̑než joškə̑nalt |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltnena | ə̑nena joškə̑nalt |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltneda | ə̑neda joškə̑nalt |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltnešt | ə̑nešt joškə̑nalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt joškə̑nalt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naltnet ulmaš | ə̑net joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naltneže ulmaš | ə̑než joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt joškə̑nalt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joškə̑naltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joškə̑naltman |
| Active participle: | joškə̑naltše |
| Passive participle: | joškə̑naltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joškə̑naltšaš |
| Negative participle: | joškə̑naltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joškə̑naltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | joškə̑naltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | joškə̑naltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joškə̑naltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joškə̑naltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | joškə̑naltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | joškə̑naltdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||